Estado psicológico de pacientes con la enfermedad del Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida, internados en el Instituto de Medicina Tropical año 2022

Introducción: La mayoría de los pacientes con enfermedades graves y progresivas como el VIH/SIDA se enfrentan a una variedad de desafíos psicológicos, es por eso que en esta investigación nos preguntamos cual es el estado psicológico de pacientes con la enfermedad del síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida, internados en el Instituto de Medicina Tropical en el año 2022. Objetivo: Evaluar el estado psicológico de pacientes con la enfermedad del síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida, internados en el Instituto de Medicina Tropical en el año 2022. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo de enfoque mixto con diseño no experimental en el que se incluyeron a 100 pacientes con diagnóstico de VIH/SIDA internados en el IMT en el periodo de enero a julio de 2022, encontrando los siguientes resultados: 30 a 44 años en el 66% del total, procedentes de Asunción (31%), y del área Central (53%). Con respecto al estado cognitivo el 61% estaba lúcido, ubicado en tiempo y espacio, la memoria y atención se ven afectadas en el 51% de los pacientes; estado afectivo: el miedo o temor fueron los estadíos principales, seguido de la preocupación e impotencia. Analizando el estado somático se vio que el descanso fue malo, al igual que la alimentación. En relación al estado interpersonal el 87% contaba con apoyo familiar, el estado conductual mostró incoherencias en cuanto al afrontamiento de los síntomas y la adherencia. Conclusión: Los factores sociodemográficos y psicosociales la percepción de apoyo social, las creencias relacionadas con la enfermedad, los rasgos de personalidad, las habilidades sociales, los estilos de afrontamiento, entre otras, pueden permitir a los pacientes con VIH/ SIDA afrontar la enfermedad para lograr la adaptación y el bienestar de su salud general

Introduction: Most patients with serious and progressive diseases such as HIV/AIDS face a variety of psychological challenges, which is why in this research we ask ourselves what is the psychological state of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome disease interned at the Institute of Tropical Medicine in the year 2022. Objective: To evaluate the psychological state of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, admitted to the Institute of Tropical Medicine in 2022. Methodology: Descriptive, prospective study of a mixed approach with a non-experimental design in which 100 patients with a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS admitted to the IMT in the period from January to July 2022 were included, finding the following most relevant results: 30 to 66% of the total were 44 years old, coming from Asunción (31%), and Central area (53%). Regarding the cognitive state, 61% were lucid, located in time and space, memory and attention were affected in 51% of the patients; affective state: fear or apprehension were the main stages, followed by worry and impotence. Analyzing the somatic state, it was seen that the rest was bad, as was the diet. In relation to the interpersonal state, 87% had family support, the behavioral state showed inconsistencies in coping with symptoms and adherence. Conclusion: Sociodemographic and psychosocial factors, the perception of social support, beliefs related to the disease, personality traits, social skills, coping styles, among others, may allow patients with HIV/AIDS to face the disease in order to achieve adaptation and well-being of your general health.

Classification management of HIV reactive blood donors based on test results / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the viability of classification management of HIV reactive blood donors based on test results in blood screening laboratory. 【Methods】 According to the HIV test results of blood donors (including twice ELISA and once NAT), the HIV reactive blood donors were divided into three groups. Group 1 was all-test reactive (both ELISA and NAT were reactive), group 2 serological reactive (only ELISA was reactive), and group 3 NAT reactive (only NAT was reactive). The HIV test results of 191 628 blood donors from May to December 2017 were analyzed. Samples with positive RIBA results and / or the repeated reactive NAT results were determined as HIV true positive. The yielding rates of HIV true positivity in each group were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was used to elevate the S/CO limit under 99% specificity as the blood donor deferral limit for ELISA. 【Results】 A total of 180 HIV reactive samples were detected out of 191 628 blood donors, including 77 positive cases in group 1, 100 in group 2 and 3 in group 3. 1) The HIV reactive results were diverse. Among the 82 true positive blood donors, 4 were early HIV infection (3 HIV antibody+ antigen window period yield, 1 HIV antibody window period yield), 2 were suspected elite controllers, and 76 cases were both serology and NAT reactive. 2) The overall yielding rate of HIV was 47.67%, with group 1 (100%) = group 3 (100%) > group 2 (2.17%), showing statistically significant (P0.05). All true positive blood donors in group 1 and group 2 could be accurately screened by using the blood donor deferral limit for ELISA1 and ELISA2 simultaneously. 【Conclusion】 The composition of HIV results among blood donors is diverse and complex. It is necessary to continuously improve the awareness of HIV prevention and control. The classification of HIV reactive blood donors is conducive to conduct fine and scientific management. The blood donors in group 1 and group 3 should be permanently deferral, and the suspected HIV elite controllers in group 2 should be paid attention to and permanently deferral.

Adherencia terapéutica en pacientes con VIH/SIDA del municipio Media Luna / Therapeutic adherence in patients with HIV / AIDS from Media Luna municipality / Adesão terapêutica em pacientes com HIV / AIDS do município de Media Luna

RESUMEN Introducción: el Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH) se mantiene como un serio problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. Actualmente, alrededor de 34 millones de personas viven con el VIH en el mundo, lo que constituye un reto para la población y las autoridades de salud. Objetivo: determinar el comportamiento de la adherencia terapéutica en los pacientes con VIH/SIDA del municipio Media Luna en el período enero - junio de 2018. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 32 pacientes con VIH/SIDA, que constituyen la totalidad de los pacientes atendidos con esta patología en el municipio en la actualidad. Para la obtención de la información se empleó el análisis documental a partir de la revisión de historias cínicas y registros médicos. En el procesamiento de la información se empleó el cálculo porcentual en el resumen de la información estadística. Resultados: se destacaron el predominio del grupo etáreo de 36 a 50 años, con mayoría de los pacientes del sexo masculino y nivel escolar preuniversitario, el tratamiento más empleado fue por vía oral y la adherencia terapéutica en la mayoría de los pacientes es adecuada. Conclusiones: la adherencia terapéutica se comporta de manera adecuada en la mayoría de los pacientes seleccionados para el estudio, pero se debe trabajar de manera sistemática para incluir a los pacientes no adherentes.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a serious public health problem worldwide. Currently, around 34 million people are living with HIV in the world, which constitutes a challenge for the population and the health authorities. Objective: to determine the behavior of therapeutic adherence in patients with HIV / AIDS in the Media Luna municipality in the period January - June 2018. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. The population was made up of 32 patients with HIV / AIDS, which constitute the totality of patients treated with this pathology in the municipality today. To obtain the information, documentary analysis was used from the review of clinical histories and medical records. In the information processing, the percentage calculation was used in the summary of the statistical information. Results: the predominance of the age group between 36 and 50 years of age stood out, with most of the patients male and pre-university school level, the most used treatment was orally and therapeutic adherence in most of the patients is adequate. Conclusions: therapeutic adherence behaves appropriately in most of the patients selected for the study, but work should be done systematically to include non-adherent patients.

RESUMO Introdução: o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) continua sendo um sério problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo. Atualmente, cerca de 34 milhões de pessoas vivem com o HIV no mundo, o que constitui um desafio para a população e as autoridades de saúde. Objetivo: determinar o comportamento de adesão terapêutica em pacientes com HIV / AIDS no município de Media Luna no período de janeiro a junho de 2018. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo transversal descritivo. A população foi constituída por 32 pacientes com HIV / AIDS, que constituem a totalidade dos pacientes atendidos com essa patologia atualmente no município. Para a obtenção das informações, utilizou-se a análise documental a partir da revisão de histórias clínicas e prontuários. No processamento da informação, o cálculo percentual foi utilizado no resumo da informação estatística. Resultados: destacou-se a predominância da faixa etária entre 36 e 50 anos, sendo a maioria dos pacientes do sexo masculino e de nível pré-universitário, o tratamento mais utilizado foi por via oral e a adesão terapêutica na maioria dos pacientes é adequada. Conclusões: a adesão terapêutica se comporta de maneira adequada na maioria dos pacientes selecionados para o estudo, mas o trabalho deve ser feito de forma sistemática para incluir os pacientes não aderentes.

Acceso oportuno al test de Elisa en el nivel primario de salud: una mirada desde los profesionales de salud / Timely access to ELISA test in the primary health level: a health professionals' view

Introdución: el Sindrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida (VIH) sigue siendo un importante problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, ya que ha causado más de 34 millones de muertes hasta la fecha. Objetivo: conocer las barreras y facilitadores de un grupo personas que solicitan el test Elisa para el diagnóstico del Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida (VIH) en la atención primaria de salud, desde la perspectiva de los profesionales de la salud que trabajan en estos lugares. Métodos: estudio cualitativo descriptivo basado en el enfoque de análisis de contenido descrito por Krippendorff. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a 30 profesionales de la salud que trabajan en dos Centros de Salud Familiar (CESFAM) de la comuna de La Pintana, Santiago de Chile. Para mantener el rigor metodológico se utilizaron los criterios de Guba & Lincoln. Resultados: se identificaron factores asociados al acceso oportuno al test de Elisa percibidas por los profesionales, entre ellos algunos que dificultan y otros que facilitan (Estigma social del VIH, burocracia en el proceso de toma del test de Elisa y falta de privacidad en la solicitud del test, relación de confianza entre usuario y profesional, y centralización del examen en los CESFAM). Conclusiones: el conocimiento de los factores tanto que facilitan como que dificultan mencionado por los profesionales que trabajan en centros donde se realiza la toma del test de Elisa debe ser considerada en el diseño e implementación de nuevas estrategias y en la modificación de las existentes, con la finalidad de aumentar el número de personas que accedan al test y con esto mejorar la calidad del cuidado y la satisfacción usuaria(AU)

Introduction: The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV) continues to be a critic health concern for the worldwide public health, since it has caused up to date more than 34 million deaths. Objective: Know the obstacles and facilitators of a group of people who request the ELISA test for diagnosing the acquired immunodeficiency virus (VIH) in primary health care, from the perspective of the health professional who works in this sites. Methods: Qualitative descriptive study based on the content analysis approach described by Krippendorff. In-deep interviews were conducted on 30 health professionals who work in two Family Health Centers (CESFAM) of La Pintana Town, Santiago de Chile. The Guba & Lincoln criteria were used, in order to maintain the methodologic rigor. Results: We identified factors associated with the timely access to ELISA tests as perceived by the professionals, among then some that make difficult and others that facilitate (HIV social stigma, bureaucracy in taking the ELISA test and the lack of privacy in requesting the test, confidence relationship between the user and the professional, and centralization of the test in the CESFAM's). Conclusions: Knowing both the facilitating and hindering factors mentioned by the professionals who work in centers where the ELISA tests are made should be considered in the design and implementation of new strategies and in the modification of the existing ones, with the aim to increase the number of people who can access the tests and thus to improve the quality of care and the users' satisfaction(AU)

Factors associated with HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Nanjing, Suzhou and Yangzhou: a 1:4 matched case-control study / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective This study assessed the main factors associated with HIV infection among men having sex with men(MSM),in order to provide evidence for future intervention. Methods A case-control study was conducted among HIV cases identified at the MSM survey in Nanjing, Suzhou and Yangzhou cities from May to July in 2008. Each HIV case was matched by 4 HIV negative MSM who participated consecutively right after the HIV case was identified at the same survey, same time and in the same city. A national core MSM survey questionnaire was used with addition of variables of local interest. Fitting conditional logistic regression model was applied for univariate and multivariate analysis. Results During the survey, 62 HIV positive cases were identified and 248 controls were matched. Data from univariate analysis showed that, inconsistent condom use, syphilis infection, self reported sexually transmitted infection (STI) symptoms and/or signs, unprotected anal sex (UAI) were risk factors, with OR values of 5.56(95%CI: 1.82-16.96), 2.19(95%CI: 1.18-4.05), 2.50(95%(CI: 1.13-5.50) and 3.13 (95%CI: 1.64-5.98) respectively. Online cruising and receptive anal sex were protective factors with OR values as 0.47(95%CI: 0.22-0.998) and 0.67(95% CI: 0.23-1.97). Through multivariate analysis, it was found that syphilis, age of having experienced first insertive sexual intercourse and UAI were risk factors to HIV transmission, with OR values of 2.28 (95%CI: 1.05-4.94), 4.16 (95%CI: 1.63-10.66) and 1.11 (95% CI: 1.04-1.18) respectively. Compared with non-anal sex, bisexual (OR=0.41,95%CI: 0.18-0.97) behavior seemed a protected factor. Conclusion Syphilis infection, UAI and self reported STI symptoms and/or signs were risk factors related to HIV transmission while bisexual seemed a protective factor.

Impact of micronutrients on immunocyte and microelements status among people living with HIV / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the impact of micronutrients supplement on immunocyte and microelements status in HIV positive people. Methods Volunteers aged 25-49 years old were randomly selected and distributed into two groups. Supplement and placebo were given to the two groups. At the beginning of the trial, data on physical examination, immunocyte and microelements level in serum of the two groups were collected and showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Results After 6 months, the amount of immunocyte(CD4+, CD8+,CD3+) were (2078±108) mm3, (582±75) mm3, (1287±97) mm3 in the study group while they were (1436±105) mm3, (472±61)mm3, (998±84) mm3 in the control group, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Amounts of serum Zn, Ca, Mg, Fe showed (144.89±9.78) μmol/L, (1.89±0.19) μmol/L, (1.68±0.12) μmol/L, (152.61±8.94) μmol/L in the study group and they were (102.67±5.45) μmol/L, (1.13±0.07) μmol/L, (0.85±0.05) μmol/L, (89.24±3.91) μmol/L in the control group, with statistically significant difference(P<0.05). Conclusion Supplementation of micronutrients could increase the levels of Zn, Ca, Mg, Fe so as to increase the immune function in people living with HIV.